- Alcoholic fermentation
-
Type of metabolism allowing the cell to acquire energy by transforming glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
- Anaerobic
-
Organism that does not require oxygen.
- Bacteria
-
Living unicellular prokaryote being.
- Beer head
-
Yeast rising to the surface of the liquid to form foam when the beer ferments.
- Bioavailability
- Carbon dioxide
-
= oxidised carbon (C02) i.e. its peripheral electrons are attracted by oxygen atoms. Carbon dioxide is part of mineral matter.
- Cell
-
The smallest constitutive and functional unit of a living being. All cells consist of a cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane and containing genetic information.
- Cell nucleus
-
Large-sized cellular organite that characterises eukaryotic cells. It contains practically all cellular DNA.
- Chromosome
-
Molecular structure of the cell consisting of a long DNA molecule where the genetic information of living beings is stored.
- DNA
-
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid: constitutive molecule of chromosomes, containing genetic information. DNA is found in the nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts.
- Eukaryotic organism
-
Organism with cells containing various organites surrounded by a membrane, in particular the nucleus containing genetic information, one or several vacuoles, chloroplasts and mitochondria. Their size usually ranges between 10 and 100 micrometres.
- Fermentation
-
Incomplete breakdown of an organic substrate with the production of energy.
- Fungus
-
Organism belonging to the mycete family, with differentiated nucleus cells. They can be unicellular (yeasts) or multicellular.
- Genes
-
A genetic information unit that determines hereditary traits. A gene corresponds to a sequence of nucleotides and governs protein synthesis. It is said that a gene encodes a protein.
- Genome
- Glucose
-
Simple sugar - C6H12O6 - found in all living cells.
- Mitochondria
-
A cellular organite, the mitochondrion is where cellular respiration occurs.
- Organite
-
Specialised cellular structure, sometimes surrounded by a membrane, located in the cell's cytoplasm.
- Prokaryotic organism
-
Simple cell that does not have an organite surrounded by a membrane. Its genetic information is carried by a free chromosome in the cytoplasm. It is a few micrometres in size and usually smaller than an eukaryotic organism.
- Sourdough
-
Mixture of flour and water where naturally present germs such as yeasts and acidifying bacteria are left to develop to produce lactic and acetic acid.
- Telomers
-
Extremities of chromosomes.
- BAUDE, Denis et al. SVT 1ère S Programme 2011. France : Bordas, Avril 2011. 360 p.
- BREUIL, Michel. Dictionnaire des Sciences de la vie et de la terre. Italie : Nathan, octobre 2002. 544 p.
- CYNOBER, Anne et al. SVT 2de Programme 2011. Italie : Hatier, Août 2011. 287 p.
- Encyclopédie Hachette Multimédia 2005. France : Hachette, avril 2004