Type of metabolism allowing the cell to acquire energy by transforming glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Organism that does not require oxygen.

Living unicellular prokaryote being.

Yeast rising to the surface of the liquid to form foam when the beer ferments.

= oxidised carbon (C02) i.e. its peripheral electrons are attracted by oxygen atoms. Carbon dioxide is part of mineral matter.

The smallest constitutive and functional unit of a living being. All cells consist of a cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane and containing genetic information.

Large-sized cellular organite that characterises eukaryotic cells. It contains practically all cellular DNA.

Molecular structure of the cell consisting of a long DNA molecule where the genetic information of living beings is stored.

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid: constitutive molecule of chromosomes, containing genetic information. DNA is found in the nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Organism with cells containing various organites surrounded by a membrane, in particular the nucleus containing genetic information, one or several vacuoles, chloroplasts and mitochondria. Their size usually ranges between 10 and 100 micrometres.

Incomplete breakdown of an organic substrate with the production of energy.

Organism belonging to the mycete family, with differentiated nucleus cells. They can be unicellular (yeasts) or multicellular.

A genetic information unit that determines hereditary traits. A gene corresponds to a sequence of nucleotides and governs protein synthesis. It is said that a gene encodes a protein.

The whole genetic material (DNA) of a living being.

Simple sugar - C6H12O6 - found in all living cells.

A cellular organite, the mitochondrion is where cellular respiration occurs.

Specialised cellular structure, sometimes surrounded by a membrane, located in the cell's cytoplasm.

Simple cell that does not have an organite surrounded by a membrane. Its genetic information is carried by a free chromosome in the cytoplasm. It is a few micrometres in size and usually smaller than an eukaryotic organism.

Mixture of flour and water where naturally present germs such as yeasts and acidifying bacteria are left to develop to produce lactic and acetic acid.

Extremities of chromosomes.